When we have azoospermia and spermatozoa are not found through TESE, the only option is sperm donation, which is then used for IVF. Sperm is predominantly donated by younger individuals who have been tested for sexually transmitted diseases, as well as for a basic panel of genetic disorders and karyotyping, and examined by a physician. Usually, the sperm comes from abroad, and care is taken regarding physical similarities of the person, blood type, and similar details. The partner is legally considered the father, and the donation is anonymous; disclosure of information is only possible in the case of illness of the child conceived this way, and only to medical personnel.
